Applied patches (in listed order):
st-scrollback-0.8.5.diff
st-externalpipe-0.8.5.diff
st-externalpipe-eternal-0.8.3.diff
st-anysize-20220718-baa9357.diff
---
diff '--color=auto' -Nu a/config.def.h b/config.def.h
--- a/config.def.h	2024-12-18 21:06:29.591000711 -0600
+++ b/config.def.h	2024-12-18 20:53:14.657670906 -0600
@@ -176,6 +176,8 @@
  */
 static MouseShortcut mshortcuts[] = {
 	/* mask                 button   function        argument       release */
+	{ ShiftMask,            Button4, kscrollup,      {.i = 1} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            Button5, kscrolldown,    {.i = 1} },
 	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button2, selpaste,       {.i = 0},      1 },
 	{ ShiftMask,            Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\033[5;2~"} },
 	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\031"} },
@@ -201,6 +203,8 @@
 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Y,           selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
 	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Insert,      selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
 	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Num_Lock,    numlock,        {.i =  0} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Up,     kscrollup,      {.i = -1} },
+    { ShiftMask,            XK_Page_Down,   kscrolldown,    {.i = -1} },
 };
 
 /*
diff '--color=auto' -Nu a/config.h b/config.h
--- a/config.h	1969-12-31 18:00:00.000000000 -0600
+++ b/config.h	2024-12-18 21:01:53.537668950 -0600
@@ -0,0 +1,480 @@
+/* See LICENSE file for copyright and license details. */
+
+/*
+ * appearance
+ *
+ * font: see http://freedesktop.org/software/fontconfig/fontconfig-user.html
+ */
+static char *font = "JetBrainsMono:size=10";
+static int borderpx = 4;
+
+/*
+ * What program is execed by st depends of these precedence rules:
+ * 1: program passed with -e
+ * 2: scroll and/or utmp
+ * 3: SHELL environment variable
+ * 4: value of shell in /etc/passwd
+ * 5: value of shell in config.h
+ */
+static char *shell = "/bin/sh";
+char *utmp = NULL;
+/* scroll program: to enable use a string like "scroll" */
+char *scroll = NULL;
+char *stty_args = "stty raw pass8 nl -echo -iexten -cstopb 38400";
+
+/* identification sequence returned in DA and DECID */
+char *vtiden = "\033[?6c";
+
+/* Kerning / character bounding-box multipliers */
+static float cwscale = 1.0;
+static float chscale = 1.0;
+
+/*
+ * word delimiter string
+ *
+ * More advanced example: L" `'\"()[]{}"
+ */
+wchar_t *worddelimiters = L" ";
+
+/* selection timeouts (in milliseconds) */
+static unsigned int doubleclicktimeout = 300;
+static unsigned int tripleclicktimeout = 600;
+
+/* alt screens */
+int allowaltscreen = 1;
+
+/* allow certain non-interactive (insecure) window operations such as:
+   setting the clipboard text */
+int allowwindowops = 0;
+
+/*
+ * draw latency range in ms - from new content/keypress/etc until drawing.
+ * within this range, st draws when content stops arriving (idle). mostly it's
+ * near minlatency, but it waits longer for slow updates to avoid partial draw.
+ * low minlatency will tear/flicker more, as it can "detect" idle too early.
+ */
+static double minlatency = 2;
+static double maxlatency = 33;
+
+/*
+ * blinking timeout (set to 0 to disable blinking) for the terminal blinking
+ * attribute.
+ */
+static unsigned int blinktimeout = 800;
+
+/*
+ * thickness of underline and bar cursors
+ */
+static unsigned int cursorthickness = 2;
+
+/*
+ * bell volume. It must be a value between -100 and 100. Use 0 for disabling
+ * it
+ */
+static int bellvolume = 0;
+
+/* default TERM value */
+char *termname = "st-256color";
+
+/*
+ * spaces per tab
+ *
+ * When you are changing this value, don't forget to adapt the »it« value in
+ * the st.info and appropriately install the st.info in the environment where
+ * you use this st version.
+ *
+ *	it#$tabspaces,
+ *
+ * Secondly make sure your kernel is not expanding tabs. When running `stty
+ * -a` »tab0« should appear. You can tell the terminal to not expand tabs by
+ *  running following command:
+ *
+ *	stty tabs
+ */
+unsigned int tabspaces = 8;
+
+/* Terminal colors (16 first used in escape sequence) */
+static const char *colorname[] = {
+	/* 8 normal colors */
+	[0] = "#414b50", /* black   */
+	[1] = "#e67e80", /* red     */
+	[2] = "#a7c080", /* green   */
+	[3] = "#dbbc7f", /* yellow  */
+	[4] = "#7fbbb3", /* blue    */
+	[5] = "#d699b6", /* magenta */
+	[6] = "#83c092", /* cyan    */
+	[7] = "#d3c6aa", /* white   */
+
+	/* 8 bright colors */
+	[8]  = "#475258", /* black   */
+	[9]  = "#e67e80", /* red     */
+	[10] = "#a7c080", /* green   */
+	[11] = "#dbbc7f", /* yellow  */
+	[12] = "#7fbbb3", /* blue    */
+	[13] = "#d699b6", /* magenta */
+	[14] = "#83c092", /* cyan    */
+	[15] = "#d3c6aa", /* white   */
+
+	/* special colors */
+	[256] = "#272e33", /* background */
+	[257] = "#d3c6aa", /* foreground */
+
+	/* more colors can be added after 255 to use with DefaultXX */
+	"#cccccc",
+	"#555555",
+	"gray90", /* default foreground colour */
+	"black", /* default background colour */
+};
+
+
+/*
+ * Default colors (colorname index)
+ * foreground, background, cursor, reverse cursor
+ */
+unsigned int defaultfg = 257;
+unsigned int defaultbg = 256;
+unsigned int defaultcs = 257;
+static unsigned int defaultrcs = 257;
+
+/*
+ * Default shape of cursor
+ * 2: Block ("█")
+ * 4: Underline ("_")
+ * 6: Bar ("|")
+ * 7: Snowman ("☃")
+ */
+static unsigned int cursorshape = 2;
+
+/*
+ * Default columns and rows numbers
+ */
+
+static unsigned int cols = 80;
+static unsigned int rows = 24;
+
+/*
+ * Default colour and shape of the mouse cursor
+ */
+static unsigned int mouseshape = XC_xterm;
+static unsigned int mousefg = 7;
+static unsigned int mousebg = 0;
+
+/*
+ * Color used to display font attributes when fontconfig selected a font which
+ * doesn't match the ones requested.
+ */
+static unsigned int defaultattr = 11;
+
+/*
+ * Force mouse select/shortcuts while mask is active (when MODE_MOUSE is set).
+ * Note that if you want to use ShiftMask with selmasks, set this to an other
+ * modifier, set to 0 to not use it.
+ */
+static uint forcemousemod = ShiftMask;
+
+/*
+ * Internal mouse shortcuts.
+ * Beware that overloading Button1 will disable the selection.
+ */
+static MouseShortcut mshortcuts[] = {
+	/* mask                 button   function        argument       release */
+	{ ShiftMask,            Button4, kscrollup,      {.i = 1} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            Button5, kscrolldown,    {.i = 1} },
+	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button2, selpaste,       {.i = 0},      1 },
+	{ ShiftMask,            Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\033[5;2~"} },
+	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button4, ttysend,        {.s = "\031"} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            Button5, ttysend,        {.s = "\033[6;2~"} },
+	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           Button5, ttysend,        {.s = "\005"} },
+};
+
+/* Internal keyboard shortcuts. */
+#define MODKEY Mod1Mask
+#define TERMMOD (ControlMask|ShiftMask)
+
+static Shortcut shortcuts[] = {
+	/* mask                 keysym          function        argument */
+	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           XK_Break,       sendbreak,      {.i =  0} },
+	{ ControlMask,          XK_Print,       toggleprinter,  {.i =  0} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Print,       printscreen,    {.i =  0} },
+	{ XK_ANY_MOD,           XK_Print,       printsel,       {.i =  0} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_L,           zoom,           {.f = +1} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_H,           zoom,           {.f = -1} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Home,        zoomreset,      {.f =  0} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_C,           clipcopy,       {.i =  0} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_V,           clippaste,      {.i =  0} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Y,           selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
+	{ ShiftMask,            XK_Insert,      selpaste,       {.i =  0} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_Num_Lock,    numlock,        {.i =  0} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_K,           kscrollup,      {.i =  1} },
+	{ TERMMOD,              XK_J,           kscrolldown,    {.i =  1} },
+};
+
+/*
+ * Special keys (change & recompile st.info accordingly)
+ *
+ * Mask value:
+ * * Use XK_ANY_MOD to match the key no matter modifiers state
+ * * Use XK_NO_MOD to match the key alone (no modifiers)
+ * appkey value:
+ * * 0: no value
+ * * > 0: keypad application mode enabled
+ * *   = 2: term.numlock = 1
+ * * < 0: keypad application mode disabled
+ * appcursor value:
+ * * 0: no value
+ * * > 0: cursor application mode enabled
+ * * < 0: cursor application mode disabled
+ *
+ * Be careful with the order of the definitions because st searches in
+ * this table sequentially, so any XK_ANY_MOD must be in the last
+ * position for a key.
+ */
+
+/*
+ * If you want keys other than the X11 function keys (0xFD00 - 0xFFFF)
+ * to be mapped below, add them to this array.
+ */
+static KeySym mappedkeys[] = { -1 };
+
+/*
+ * State bits to ignore when matching key or button events.  By default,
+ * numlock (Mod2Mask) and keyboard layout (XK_SWITCH_MOD) are ignored.
+ */
+static uint ignoremod = Mod2Mask|XK_SWITCH_MOD;
+
+/*
+ * This is the huge key array which defines all compatibility to the Linux
+ * world. Please decide about changes wisely.
+ */
+static Key key[] = {
+	/* keysym           mask            string      appkey appcursor */
+	{ XK_KP_Home,       ShiftMask,      "\033[2J",       0,   -1},
+	{ XK_KP_Home,       ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2H",     0,   +1},
+	{ XK_KP_Home,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[H",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_KP_Home,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[1~",       0,   +1},
+	{ XK_KP_Up,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ox",       +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Up,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[A",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_KP_Up,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OA",        0,   +1},
+	{ XK_KP_Down,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Or",       +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Down,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[B",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_KP_Down,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OB",        0,   +1},
+	{ XK_KP_Left,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ot",       +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Left,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[D",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_KP_Left,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OD",        0,   +1},
+	{ XK_KP_Right,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ov",       +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Right,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[C",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_KP_Right,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OC",        0,   +1},
+	{ XK_KP_Prior,      ShiftMask,      "\033[5;2~",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Prior,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[5~",       0,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Begin,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[E",        0,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_End,        ControlMask,    "\033[J",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_End,        ControlMask,    "\033[1;5F",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_End,        ShiftMask,      "\033[K",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_End,        ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2F",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_End,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[4~",       0,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Next,       ShiftMask,      "\033[6;2~",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Next,       XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[6~",       0,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Insert,     ShiftMask,      "\033[2;2~",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Insert,     ShiftMask,      "\033[4l",      -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Insert,     ControlMask,    "\033[L",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Insert,     ControlMask,    "\033[2;5~",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Insert,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[4h",      -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Insert,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[2~",      +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Delete,     ControlMask,    "\033[M",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Delete,     ControlMask,    "\033[3;5~",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Delete,     ShiftMask,      "\033[2K",      -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Delete,     ShiftMask,      "\033[3;2~",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Delete,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[P",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Delete,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[3~",      +1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Multiply,   XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Oj",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Add,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ok",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Enter,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OM",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Enter,      XK_ANY_MOD,     "\r",           -1,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Subtract,   XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Om",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Decimal,    XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033On",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_Divide,     XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Oo",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_0,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Op",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_1,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Oq",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_2,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Or",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_3,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Os",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_4,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ot",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_5,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ou",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_6,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ov",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_7,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ow",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_8,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Ox",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_KP_9,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033Oy",       +2,    0},
+	{ XK_Up,            ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2A",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Up,            Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3A",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Up,         ShiftMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;4A",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Up,            ControlMask,    "\033[1;5A",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Up,      ShiftMask|ControlMask,"\033[1;6A",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Up,       ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;7A",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Up,ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;8A",  0,    0},
+	{ XK_Up,            XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[A",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_Up,            XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OA",        0,   +1},
+	{ XK_Down,          ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2B",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Down,          Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3B",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Down,       ShiftMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;4B",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Down,          ControlMask,    "\033[1;5B",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Down,    ShiftMask|ControlMask,"\033[1;6B",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Down,     ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;7B",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Down,ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;8B",0,    0},
+	{ XK_Down,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[B",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_Down,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OB",        0,   +1},
+	{ XK_Left,          ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2D",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Left,          Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3D",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Left,       ShiftMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;4D",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Left,          ControlMask,    "\033[1;5D",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Left,    ShiftMask|ControlMask,"\033[1;6D",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Left,     ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;7D",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Left,ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;8D",0,    0},
+	{ XK_Left,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[D",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_Left,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OD",        0,   +1},
+	{ XK_Right,         ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2C",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Right,         Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3C",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Right,      ShiftMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;4C",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Right,         ControlMask,    "\033[1;5C",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Right,   ShiftMask|ControlMask,"\033[1;6C",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Right,    ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;7C",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Right,ShiftMask|ControlMask|Mod1Mask,"\033[1;8C",0,   0},
+	{ XK_Right,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[C",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_Right,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033OC",        0,   +1},
+	{ XK_ISO_Left_Tab,  ShiftMask,      "\033[Z",        0,    0},
+	{ XK_Return,        Mod1Mask,       "\033\r",        0,    0},
+	{ XK_Return,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\r",            0,    0},
+	{ XK_Insert,        ShiftMask,      "\033[4l",      -1,    0},
+	{ XK_Insert,        ShiftMask,      "\033[2;2~",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_Insert,        ControlMask,    "\033[L",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_Insert,        ControlMask,    "\033[2;5~",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_Insert,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[4h",      -1,    0},
+	{ XK_Insert,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[2~",      +1,    0},
+	{ XK_Delete,        ControlMask,    "\033[M",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_Delete,        ControlMask,    "\033[3;5~",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_Delete,        ShiftMask,      "\033[2K",      -1,    0},
+	{ XK_Delete,        ShiftMask,      "\033[3;2~",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_Delete,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[P",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_Delete,        XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[3~",      +1,    0},
+	{ XK_BackSpace,     XK_NO_MOD,      "\177",          0,    0},
+	{ XK_BackSpace,     Mod1Mask,       "\033\177",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_Home,          ShiftMask,      "\033[2J",       0,   -1},
+	{ XK_Home,          ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2H",     0,   +1},
+	{ XK_Home,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[H",        0,   -1},
+	{ XK_Home,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[1~",       0,   +1},
+	{ XK_End,           ControlMask,    "\033[J",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_End,           ControlMask,    "\033[1;5F",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_End,           ShiftMask,      "\033[K",       -1,    0},
+	{ XK_End,           ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2F",    +1,    0},
+	{ XK_End,           XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[4~",       0,    0},
+	{ XK_Prior,         ControlMask,    "\033[5;5~",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Prior,         ShiftMask,      "\033[5;2~",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Prior,         XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[5~",       0,    0},
+	{ XK_Next,          ControlMask,    "\033[6;5~",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Next,          ShiftMask,      "\033[6;2~",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_Next,          XK_ANY_MOD,     "\033[6~",       0,    0},
+	{ XK_F1,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033OP" ,       0,    0},
+	{ XK_F1, /* F13 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2P",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F1, /* F25 */  ControlMask,    "\033[1;5P",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F1, /* F37 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[1;6P",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F1, /* F49 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3P",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F1, /* F61 */  Mod3Mask,       "\033[1;4P",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F2,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033OQ" ,       0,    0},
+	{ XK_F2, /* F14 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2Q",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F2, /* F26 */  ControlMask,    "\033[1;5Q",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F2, /* F38 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[1;6Q",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F2, /* F50 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3Q",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F2, /* F62 */  Mod3Mask,       "\033[1;4Q",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F3,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033OR" ,       0,    0},
+	{ XK_F3, /* F15 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2R",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F3, /* F27 */  ControlMask,    "\033[1;5R",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F3, /* F39 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[1;6R",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F3, /* F51 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3R",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F3, /* F63 */  Mod3Mask,       "\033[1;4R",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F4,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033OS" ,       0,    0},
+	{ XK_F4, /* F16 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[1;2S",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F4, /* F28 */  ControlMask,    "\033[1;5S",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F4, /* F40 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[1;6S",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F4, /* F52 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[1;3S",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F5,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[15~",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_F5, /* F17 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[15;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F5, /* F29 */  ControlMask,    "\033[15;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F5, /* F41 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[15;6~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F5, /* F53 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[15;3~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F6,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[17~",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_F6, /* F18 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[17;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F6, /* F30 */  ControlMask,    "\033[17;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F6, /* F42 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[17;6~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F6, /* F54 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[17;3~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F7,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[18~",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_F7, /* F19 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[18;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F7, /* F31 */  ControlMask,    "\033[18;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F7, /* F43 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[18;6~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F7, /* F55 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[18;3~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F8,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[19~",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_F8, /* F20 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[19;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F8, /* F32 */  ControlMask,    "\033[19;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F8, /* F44 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[19;6~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F8, /* F56 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[19;3~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F9,            XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[20~",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_F9, /* F21 */  ShiftMask,      "\033[20;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F9, /* F33 */  ControlMask,    "\033[20;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F9, /* F45 */  Mod4Mask,       "\033[20;6~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F9, /* F57 */  Mod1Mask,       "\033[20;3~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F10,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[21~",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_F10, /* F22 */ ShiftMask,      "\033[21;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F10, /* F34 */ ControlMask,    "\033[21;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F10, /* F46 */ Mod4Mask,       "\033[21;6~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F10, /* F58 */ Mod1Mask,       "\033[21;3~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F11,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[23~",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_F11, /* F23 */ ShiftMask,      "\033[23;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F11, /* F35 */ ControlMask,    "\033[23;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F11, /* F47 */ Mod4Mask,       "\033[23;6~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F11, /* F59 */ Mod1Mask,       "\033[23;3~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F12,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[24~",      0,    0},
+	{ XK_F12, /* F24 */ ShiftMask,      "\033[24;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F12, /* F36 */ ControlMask,    "\033[24;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F12, /* F48 */ Mod4Mask,       "\033[24;6~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F12, /* F60 */ Mod1Mask,       "\033[24;3~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F13,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;2P",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F14,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;2Q",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F15,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;2R",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F16,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;2S",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F17,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[15;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F18,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[17;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F19,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[18;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F20,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[19;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F21,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[20;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F22,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[21;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F23,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[23;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F24,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[24;2~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F25,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;5P",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F26,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;5Q",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F27,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;5R",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F28,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[1;5S",     0,    0},
+	{ XK_F29,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[15;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F30,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[17;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F31,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[18;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F32,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[19;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F33,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[20;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F34,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[21;5~",    0,    0},
+	{ XK_F35,           XK_NO_MOD,      "\033[23;5~",    0,    0},
+};
+
+/*
+ * Selection types' masks.
+ * Use the same masks as usual.
+ * Button1Mask is always unset, to make masks match between ButtonPress.
+ * ButtonRelease and MotionNotify.
+ * If no match is found, regular selection is used.
+ */
+static uint selmasks[] = {
+	[SEL_RECTANGULAR] = Mod1Mask,
+};
+
+/*
+ * Printable characters in ASCII, used to estimate the advance width
+ * of single wide characters.
+ */
+static char ascii_printable[] =
+	" !\"#$%&'()*+,-./0123456789:;<=>?"
+	"@ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ[\\]^_"
+	"`abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz{|}~";
Common subdirectories: a/.git and b/.git
diff '--color=auto' -Nu a/st.c b/st.c
--- a/st.c	2024-12-18 21:06:29.591000711 -0600
+++ b/st.c	2024-12-18 20:53:14.661004242 -0600
@@ -35,6 +35,8 @@
 #define ESC_ARG_SIZ   16
 #define STR_BUF_SIZ   ESC_BUF_SIZ
 #define STR_ARG_SIZ   ESC_ARG_SIZ
+#define HISTSIZE      2000
+#define RESIZEBUFFER  1000
 
 /* macros */
 #define IS_SET(flag)		((term.mode & (flag)) != 0)
@@ -42,6 +44,26 @@
 #define ISCONTROLC1(c)		(BETWEEN(c, 0x80, 0x9f))
 #define ISCONTROL(c)		(ISCONTROLC0(c) || ISCONTROLC1(c))
 #define ISDELIM(u)		(u && wcschr(worddelimiters, u))
+#define TLINE(y) ( \
+	(y) < term.scr ? term.hist[(term.histi + (y) - term.scr + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE] \
+	               : term.line[(y) - term.scr] \
+)
+
+#define TLINE_HIST(y) ( \
+	(y) <= HISTSIZE-term.row+2 ? term.hist[(y)] \
+		: term.line[(y-HISTSIZE+term.row-3)] \
+)
+
+#define TLINEABS(y) ( \
+	(y) < 0 ? term.hist[(term.histi + (y) + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE] : term.line[(y)] \
+)
+
+#define UPDATEWRAPNEXT(alt, col) do { \
+	if ((term.c.state & CURSOR_WRAPNEXT) && term.c.x + term.wrapcwidth[alt] < col) { \
+		term.c.x += term.wrapcwidth[alt]; \
+		term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT; \
+	} \
+} while (0);
 
 enum term_mode {
 	MODE_WRAP        = 1 << 0,
@@ -53,6 +75,12 @@
 	MODE_UTF8        = 1 << 6,
 };
 
+enum scroll_mode {
+	SCROLL_RESIZE = -1,
+	SCROLL_NOSAVEHIST = 0,
+	SCROLL_SAVEHIST = 1
+};
+
 enum cursor_movement {
 	CURSOR_SAVE,
 	CURSOR_LOAD
@@ -114,7 +142,11 @@
 	int row;      /* nb row */
 	int col;      /* nb col */
 	Line *line;   /* screen */
-	Line *alt;    /* alternate screen */
+	Line hist[HISTSIZE]; /* history buffer */
+	int histi;           /* history index */
+	int histf;           /* nb history available */
+	int scr;             /* scroll back */
+	int wrapcwidth[2];   /* used in updating WRAPNEXT when resizing */
 	int *dirty;   /* dirtyness of lines */
 	TCursor c;    /* cursor */
 	int ocx;      /* old cursor col */
@@ -172,26 +204,37 @@
 static void tdumpsel(void);
 static void tdumpline(int);
 static void tdump(void);
-static void tclearregion(int, int, int, int);
+static void tclearregion(int, int, int, int, int);
 static void tcursor(int);
+static void tclearglyph(Glyph *, int);
+static void tresetcursor(void);
 static void tdeletechar(int);
 static void tdeleteline(int);
 static void tinsertblank(int);
 static void tinsertblankline(int);
-static int tlinelen(int);
+static int tlinelen(Line len);
+static int tiswrapped(Line line);
+static char *tgetglyphs(char *, const Glyph *, const Glyph *);
+static size_t tgetline(char *, const Glyph *);
 static void tmoveto(int, int);
 static void tmoveato(int, int);
 static void tnewline(int);
 static void tputtab(int);
 static void tputc(Rune);
 static void treset(void);
-static void tscrollup(int, int);
+static void tscrollup(int, int, int, int);
 static void tscrolldown(int, int);
+static void treflow(int, int);
+static void rscrolldown(int);
+static void tresizedef(int, int);
+static void tresizealt(int, int);
 static void tsetattr(const int *, int);
 static void tsetchar(Rune, const Glyph *, int, int);
 static void tsetdirt(int, int);
 static void tsetscroll(int, int);
 static void tswapscreen(void);
+static void tloaddefscreen(int, int);
+static void tloadaltscreen(int, int);
 static void tsetmode(int, int, const int *, int);
 static int twrite(const char *, int, int);
 static void tfulldirt(void);
@@ -205,7 +248,10 @@
 static void drawregion(int, int, int, int);
 
 static void selnormalize(void);
-static void selscroll(int, int);
+static void selscroll(int, int, int);
+static void selmove(int);
+static void selremove(void);
+static int regionselected(int, int, int, int);
 static void selsnap(int *, int *, int);
 
 static size_t utf8decode(const char *, Rune *, size_t);
@@ -405,14 +451,57 @@
 }
 
 int
-tlinelen(int y)
+tlinelen(Line line)
+{
+	int i = term.col - 1;
+
+	for (; i >= 0 && !(line[i].mode & (ATTR_SET | ATTR_WRAP)); i--);
+	return i + 1;
+}
+
+int
+tiswrapped(Line line)
+{
+	int len = tlinelen(line);
+
+	return len > 0 && (line[len - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP);
+}
+
+char *
+tgetglyphs(char *buf, const Glyph *gp, const Glyph *lgp)
+{
+	while (gp <= lgp)
+		if (gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
+			gp++;
+		} else {
+			buf += utf8encode((gp++)->u, buf);
+		}
+	return buf;
+}
+
+size_t
+tgetline(char *buf, const Glyph *fgp)
+{
+	char *ptr;
+	const Glyph *lgp = &fgp[term.col - 1];
+
+	while (lgp > fgp && !(lgp->mode & (ATTR_SET | ATTR_WRAP)))
+		lgp--;
+	ptr = tgetglyphs(buf, fgp, lgp);
+	if (!(lgp->mode & ATTR_WRAP))
+		*(ptr++) = '\n';
+	return ptr - buf;
+}
+
+int
+tlinehistlen(int y)
 {
 	int i = term.col;
 
-	if (term.line[y][i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
+	if (TLINE_HIST(y)[i - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)
 		return i;
 
-	while (i > 0 && term.line[y][i - 1].u == ' ')
+	while (i > 0 && TLINE_HIST(y)[i - 1].u == ' ')
 		--i;
 
 	return i;
@@ -455,10 +544,11 @@
 
 	sel.oe.x = col;
 	sel.oe.y = row;
-	selnormalize();
 	sel.type = type;
+	selnormalize();
 
-	if (oldey != sel.oe.y || oldex != sel.oe.x || oldtype != sel.type || sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY)
+	if (oldey != sel.oe.y || oldex != sel.oe.x ||
+	    oldtype != sel.type || sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY)
 		tsetdirt(MIN(sel.nb.y, oldsby), MAX(sel.ne.y, oldsey));
 
 	sel.mode = done ? SEL_IDLE : SEL_READY;
@@ -467,61 +557,69 @@
 void
 selnormalize(void)
 {
-	int i;
+    int i;
 
-	if (sel.type == SEL_REGULAR && sel.ob.y != sel.oe.y) {
-		sel.nb.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.ob.x : sel.oe.x;
-		sel.ne.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.oe.x : sel.ob.x;
-	} else {
-		sel.nb.x = MIN(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
-		sel.ne.x = MAX(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
-	}
-	sel.nb.y = MIN(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
-	sel.ne.y = MAX(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
+    if (sel.type == SEL_REGULAR && sel.ob.y != sel.oe.y) {
+        sel.nb.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.ob.x : sel.oe.x;
+        sel.ne.x = sel.ob.y < sel.oe.y ? sel.oe.x : sel.ob.x;
+    } else {
+        sel.nb.x = MIN(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
+        sel.ne.x = MAX(sel.ob.x, sel.oe.x);
+    }
+    sel.nb.y = MIN(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
+    sel.ne.y = MAX(sel.ob.y, sel.oe.y);
 
-	selsnap(&sel.nb.x, &sel.nb.y, -1);
-	selsnap(&sel.ne.x, &sel.ne.y, +1);
+    selsnap(&sel.nb.x, &sel.nb.y, -1);
+    selsnap(&sel.ne.x, &sel.ne.y, +1);
 
-	/* expand selection over line breaks */
-	if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
-		return;
-	i = tlinelen(sel.nb.y);
-	if (i < sel.nb.x)
-		sel.nb.x = i;
-	if (tlinelen(sel.ne.y) <= sel.ne.x)
-		sel.ne.x = term.col - 1;
+    /* expand selection over line breaks */
+    if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
+        return;
+
+    i = tlinelen(TLINE(sel.nb.y));
+    if (sel.nb.x > i)
+        sel.nb.x = i;
+    if (sel.ne.x >= tlinelen(TLINE(sel.ne.y)))
+        sel.ne.x = term.col - 1;
 }
 
-int
-selected(int x, int y)
+    int
+regionselected(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
 {
-	if (sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY || sel.ob.x == -1 ||
-			sel.alt != IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
-		return 0;
+    if (sel.ob.x == -1 || sel.mode == SEL_EMPTY ||
+            sel.alt != IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN) || sel.nb.y > y2 || sel.ne.y < y1)
+        return 0;
 
-	if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR)
-		return BETWEEN(y, sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y)
-		    && BETWEEN(x, sel.nb.x, sel.ne.x);
-
-	return BETWEEN(y, sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y)
-	    && (y != sel.nb.y || x >= sel.nb.x)
-	    && (y != sel.ne.y || x <= sel.ne.x);
+    return (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) ? sel.nb.x <= x2 && sel.ne.x >= x1
+        : (sel.nb.y != y2 || sel.nb.x <= x2) &&
+        (sel.ne.y != y1 || sel.ne.x >= x1);
 }
 
+    int
+selected(int x, int y)
+{
+    return regionselected(x, y, x, y);
+}
+
+
 void
 selsnap(int *x, int *y, int direction)
 {
 	int newx, newy, xt, yt;
+	int rtop = 0, rbot = term.row - 1;
 	int delim, prevdelim;
 	const Glyph *gp, *prevgp;
 
+	if (!IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		rtop += -term.histf + term.scr, rbot += term.scr;
+
 	switch (sel.snap) {
 	case SNAP_WORD:
 		/*
 		 * Snap around if the word wraps around at the end or
 		 * beginning of a line.
 		 */
-		prevgp = &term.line[*y][*x];
+		prevgp = &TLINE(*y)[*x];
 		prevdelim = ISDELIM(prevgp->u);
 		for (;;) {
 			newx = *x + direction;
@@ -529,24 +627,24 @@
 			if (!BETWEEN(newx, 0, term.col - 1)) {
 				newy += direction;
 				newx = (newx + term.col) % term.col;
-				if (!BETWEEN(newy, 0, term.row - 1))
+				if (!BETWEEN(newy, rtop, rbot))
 					break;
 
 				if (direction > 0)
 					yt = *y, xt = *x;
 				else
 					yt = newy, xt = newx;
-				if (!(term.line[yt][xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
+				if (!(TLINE(yt)[xt].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
 					break;
 			}
 
-			if (newx >= tlinelen(newy))
+            if (newx >= tlinelen(TLINE(newy)))
 				break;
 
-			gp = &term.line[newy][newx];
+			gp = &TLINE(newy)[newx];
 			delim = ISDELIM(gp->u);
-			if (!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim
-					|| (delim && gp->u != prevgp->u)))
+			if (!(gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) && (delim != prevdelim ||
+			    (delim && !(gp->u == ' ' && prevgp->u == ' '))))
 				break;
 
 			*x = newx;
@@ -561,20 +659,16 @@
 		 * has set ATTR_WRAP at its end. Then the whole next or
 		 * previous line will be selected.
 		 */
-		*x = (direction < 0) ? 0 : term.col - 1;
-		if (direction < 0) {
-			for (; *y > 0; *y += direction) {
-				if (!(term.line[*y-1][term.col-1].mode
-						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
-					break;
-				}
+        *x = (direction < 0) ? 0 : term.col - 1;
+        if (direction < 0) {
+            for (; *y > rtop; *y -= 1) {
+                if (!tiswrapped(TLINE(*y-1)))
+                        break;
 			}
 		} else if (direction > 0) {
-			for (; *y < term.row-1; *y += direction) {
-				if (!(term.line[*y][term.col-1].mode
-						& ATTR_WRAP)) {
+			for (; *y < rbot; *y += 1) {
+				if (!tiswrapped(TLINE(*y)))
 					break;
-				}
 			}
 		}
 		break;
@@ -585,39 +679,34 @@
 getsel(void)
 {
 	char *str, *ptr;
-	int y, bufsize, lastx, linelen;
-	const Glyph *gp, *last;
+	int y, lastx, linelen;
+	const Glyph *gp, *lgp;
 
-	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
+	if (sel.ob.x == -1 || sel.alt != IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
 		return NULL;
 
-	bufsize = (term.col+1) * (sel.ne.y-sel.nb.y+1) * UTF_SIZ;
-	ptr = str = xmalloc(bufsize);
+	str = xmalloc((term.col + 1) * (sel.ne.y - sel.nb.y + 1) * UTF_SIZ);
+	ptr = str;
 
 	/* append every set & selected glyph to the selection */
 	for (y = sel.nb.y; y <= sel.ne.y; y++) {
-		if ((linelen = tlinelen(y)) == 0) {
+		Line line = TLINE(y);
+
+		if ((linelen = tlinelen(line)) == 0) {
 			*ptr++ = '\n';
 			continue;
 		}
 
 		if (sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR) {
-			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.x];
+			gp = &line[sel.nb.x];
 			lastx = sel.ne.x;
 		} else {
-			gp = &term.line[y][sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
+			gp = &line[sel.nb.y == y ? sel.nb.x : 0];
 			lastx = (sel.ne.y == y) ? sel.ne.x : term.col-1;
 		}
-		last = &term.line[y][MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
-		while (last >= gp && last->u == ' ')
-			--last;
+		lgp = &line[MIN(lastx, linelen-1)];
 
-		for ( ; gp <= last; ++gp) {
-			if (gp->mode & ATTR_WDUMMY)
-				continue;
-
-			ptr += utf8encode(gp->u, ptr);
-		}
+		ptr = tgetglyphs(ptr, gp, lgp);
 
 		/*
 		 * Copy and pasting of line endings is inconsistent
@@ -629,10 +718,10 @@
 		 * FIXME: Fix the computer world.
 		 */
 		if ((y < sel.ne.y || lastx >= linelen) &&
-		    (!(last->mode & ATTR_WRAP) || sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR))
+		    (!(lgp->mode & ATTR_WRAP) || sel.type == SEL_RECTANGULAR))
 			*ptr++ = '\n';
 	}
-	*ptr = 0;
+	*ptr = '\0';
 	return str;
 }
 
@@ -641,9 +730,15 @@
 {
 	if (sel.ob.x == -1)
 		return;
+	selremove();
+	tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
+}
+
+void
+selremove(void)
+{
 	sel.mode = SEL_IDLE;
 	sel.ob.x = -1;
-	tsetdirt(sel.nb.y, sel.ne.y);
 }
 
 void
@@ -718,8 +813,14 @@
 	if ((p = waitpid(pid, &stat, WNOHANG)) < 0)
 		die("waiting for pid %hd failed: %s\n", pid, strerror(errno));
 
-	if (pid != p)
+	if (pid != p) {
+		if (p == 0 && wait(&stat) < 0)
+			die("wait: %s\n", strerror(errno));
+
+		/* reinstall sigchld handler */
+		signal(SIGCHLD, sigchld);
 		return;
+	}
 
 	if (WIFEXITED(stat) && WEXITSTATUS(stat))
 		die("child exited with status %d\n", WEXITSTATUS(stat));
@@ -803,7 +904,7 @@
 		break;
 	default:
 #ifdef __OpenBSD__
-		if (pledge("stdio rpath tty proc", NULL) == -1)
+		if (pledge("stdio rpath tty proc exec", NULL) == -1)
 			die("pledge\n");
 #endif
 		close(s);
@@ -845,6 +946,8 @@
 {
 	const char *next;
 
+    kscrolldown(&((Arg){ .i = term.scr }));
+
 	if (may_echo && IS_SET(MODE_ECHO))
 		twrite(s, n, 1);
 
@@ -980,7 +1083,7 @@
 	for (i = 0; i < term.row-1; i++) {
 		for (j = 0; j < term.col-1; j++) {
 			if (term.line[i][j].mode & attr) {
-				tsetdirt(i, i);
+				term.dirty[i] = 1;
 				break;
 			}
 		}
@@ -990,7 +1093,8 @@
 void
 tfulldirt(void)
 {
-	tsetdirt(0, term.row-1);
+    for (int i = 0; i < term.row; i++)
+        term.dirty[i] = 1;
 }
 
 void
@@ -1008,109 +1112,260 @@
 }
 
 void
+tresetcursor(void)
+{
+	term.c = (TCursor){ { .mode = ATTR_NULL, .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg },
+	                    .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT };
+}
+
+void
 treset(void)
 {
 	uint i;
+    int x, y;
 
-	term.c = (TCursor){{
-		.mode = ATTR_NULL,
-		.fg = defaultfg,
-		.bg = defaultbg
-	}, .x = 0, .y = 0, .state = CURSOR_DEFAULT};
+	tresetcursor();
 
 	memset(term.tabs, 0, term.col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
 	for (i = tabspaces; i < term.col; i += tabspaces)
 		term.tabs[i] = 1;
 	term.top = 0;
+	term.histf = 0;
+	term.scr = 0;
 	term.bot = term.row - 1;
 	term.mode = MODE_WRAP|MODE_UTF8;
 	memset(term.trantbl, CS_USA, sizeof(term.trantbl));
 	term.charset = 0;
 
+    selremove();
 	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-		tmoveto(0, 0);
-		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
-		tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
-		tswapscreen();
+        tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE); /* reset saved cursor */
+        for (y = 0; y < term.row; y++)
+            for (x = 0; x < term.col; x++)
+                tclearglyph(&term.line[y][x], 0);
+        tswapscreen();
 	}
+    tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
 tnew(int col, int row)
 {
-	term = (Term){ .c = { .attr = { .fg = defaultfg, .bg = defaultbg } } };
-	tresize(col, row);
-	treset();
+    int i, j;
+
+    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
+        term.line = xmalloc(row * sizeof(Line));
+        for (j = 0; j < row; j++)
+            term.line[j] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+        term.col = col, term.row = row;
+        tswapscreen();
+    }
+    term.dirty = xmalloc(row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
+    term.tabs = xmalloc(col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
+    for (i = 0; i < HISTSIZE; i++)
+        term.hist[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+    treset();
 }
 
+/* handle it with care */
 void
 tswapscreen(void)
 {
-	Line *tmp = term.line;
-
-	term.line = term.alt;
-	term.alt = tmp;
+	static Line *altline;
+	static int altcol, altrow;
+	Line *tmpline = term.line;
+	int tmpcol = term.col, tmprow = term.row;
+
+	term.line = altline;
+	term.col = altcol, term.row = altrow;
+	altline = tmpline;
+	altcol = tmpcol, altrow = tmprow;
 	term.mode ^= MODE_ALTSCREEN;
-	tfulldirt();
 }
 
 void
-tscrolldown(int orig, int n)
+tloaddefscreen(int clear, int loadcursor)
 {
-	int i;
-	Line temp;
+	int col, row, alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
 
-	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
+	if (alt) {
+		if (clear)
+			tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1, 1);
+		col = term.col, row = term.row;
+		tswapscreen();
+	}
+	if (loadcursor)
+		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
+	if (alt)
+		tresizedef(col, row);
+}
 
-	tsetdirt(orig, term.bot-n);
-	tclearregion(0, term.bot-n+1, term.col-1, term.bot);
+void
+tloadaltscreen(int clear, int savecursor)
+{
+	int col, row, def = !IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
 
-	for (i = term.bot; i >= orig+n; i--) {
-		temp = term.line[i];
-		term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
-		term.line[i-n] = temp;
+	if (savecursor)
+		tcursor(CURSOR_SAVE);
+	if (def) {
+		col = term.col, row = term.row;
+		tswapscreen();
+		term.scr = 0;
+		tresizealt(col, row);
 	}
+	if (clear)
+		tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1, 1);
+}
+
+int
+tisaltscreen(void)
+{
+	return IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+}
+
+
+void
+kscrolldown(const Arg* a)
+{
+    int n = a->i;
+
+    if (!term.scr || IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+        return;
 
-	selscroll(orig, n);
+    if (n < 0)
+        n = MAX(term.row / -n, 1);
+
+    if (n <= term.scr) {
+        term.scr -= n;
+    } else {
+        n = term.scr;
+        term.scr = 0;
+    }
+	if (sel.ob.x != -1 && !sel.alt)
+		selmove(-n); /* negate change in term.scr */
+	tfulldirt();
 }
 
+
+
 void
-tscrollup(int orig, int n)
+kscrollup(const Arg* a)
 {
-	int i;
-	Line temp;
+    int n = a->i;
 
-	LIMIT(n, 0, term.bot-orig+1);
+    if (!term.histf || IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+        return;
 
-	tclearregion(0, orig, term.col-1, orig+n-1);
-	tsetdirt(orig+n, term.bot);
+    if (n < 0)
+        n = MAX(term.row / -n, 1);
 
-	for (i = orig; i <= term.bot-n; i++) {
-		temp = term.line[i];
-		term.line[i] = term.line[i+n];
-		term.line[i+n] = temp;
-	}
+    if (term.scr + n <= term.histf) {
+        term.scr += n;
+    } else {
+        n = term.histf - term.scr;
+        term.scr = term.histf;
+    }
+
+    if (sel.ob.x != -1 && !sel.alt)
+        selmove(n); /* negate change in term.scr */
+    tfulldirt();
 
-	selscroll(orig, -n);
 }
 
 void
-selscroll(int orig, int n)
+tscrolldown(int top, int n)
 {
-	if (sel.ob.x == -1 || sel.alt != IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
-		return;
+    int i, bot = term.bot;
+    Line temp;
 
-	if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, orig, term.bot) != BETWEEN(sel.ne.y, orig, term.bot)) {
-		selclear();
-	} else if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, orig, term.bot)) {
-		sel.ob.y += n;
-		sel.oe.y += n;
-		if (sel.ob.y < term.top || sel.ob.y > term.bot ||
-		    sel.oe.y < term.top || sel.oe.y > term.bot) {
-			selclear();
-		} else {
-			selnormalize();
-		}
+    if (n <= 0)
+        return;
+    n = MIN(n, bot-top+1);
+
+    tsetdirt(top, bot-n);
+    tclearregion(0, bot-n+1, term.col-1, bot, 1);
+
+    for (i = bot; i >= top+n; i--) {
+        temp = term.line[i];
+        term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
+        term.line[i-n] = temp;
+    }
+
+    if (sel.ob.x != -1 && sel.alt == IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+        selscroll(top, bot, n);
+}
+
+void
+tscrollup(int top, int bot, int n, int mode)
+{
+    int i, j, s;
+    int alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
+    int savehist = !alt && top == 0 && mode != SCROLL_NOSAVEHIST;
+    Line temp;
+
+    if (n <= 0)
+        return;
+    n = MIN(n, bot-top+1);
+
+    if (savehist) {
+        for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
+            term.histi = (term.histi + 1) % HISTSIZE;
+            temp = term.hist[term.histi];
+            for (j = 0; j < term.col; j++)
+                tclearglyph(&temp[j], 1);
+            term.hist[term.histi] = term.line[i];
+            term.line[i] = temp;
+        }
+        term.histf = MIN(term.histf + n, HISTSIZE);
+        s = n;
+        if (term.scr) {
+            j = term.scr;
+            term.scr = MIN(j + n, HISTSIZE);
+            s = j + n - term.scr;
+        }
+        if (mode != SCROLL_RESIZE)
+            tfulldirt();
+    } else {
+        tclearregion(0, top, term.col-1, top+n-1, 1);
+        tsetdirt(top+n, bot);
+    }
+
+    for (i = top; i <= bot-n; i++) {
+        temp = term.line[i];
+        term.line[i] = term.line[i+n];
+        term.line[i+n] = temp;
+    }
+
+    if (sel.ob.x != -1 && sel.alt == alt) {
+        if (!savehist) {
+            selscroll(top, bot, -n);
+        } else if (s > 0) {
+            selmove(-s);
+            if (-term.scr + sel.nb.y < -term.histf)
+                selremove();
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+void
+selmove(int n)
+ {
+	sel.ob.y += n, sel.nb.y += n;
+	sel.oe.y += n, sel.ne.y += n;
+}
+
+void
+selscroll(int top, int bot, int n)
+{
+    /* turn absolute coordinates into relative */
+    top += term.scr, bot += term.scr;
+
+    if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, top, bot) != BETWEEN(sel.ne.y, top, bot)) {
+        selclear();
+    } else if (BETWEEN(sel.nb.y, top, bot)) {
+        selmove(n);
+        if (sel.nb.y < top || sel.ne.y > bot)
+            selclear();
 	}
 }
 
@@ -1120,7 +1375,7 @@
 	int y = term.c.y;
 
 	if (y == term.bot) {
-		tscrollup(term.top, 1);
+		tscrollup(term.top, term.bot, 1, SCROLL_SAVEHIST);
 	} else {
 		y++;
 	}
@@ -1187,101 +1442,112 @@
 void
 tsetchar(Rune u, const Glyph *attr, int x, int y)
 {
-	static const char *vt100_0[62] = { /* 0x41 - 0x7e */
-		"↑", "↓", "→", "←", "█", "▚", "☃", /* A - G */
-		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* H - O */
-		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* P - W */
-		0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, " ", /* X - _ */
-		"◆", "▒", "␉", "␌", "␍", "␊", "°", "±", /* ` - g */
-		"␤", "␋", "┘", "┐", "┌", "└", "┼", "⎺", /* h - o */
-		"⎻", "─", "⎼", "⎽", "├", "┤", "┴", "┬", /* p - w */
-		"│", "≤", "≥", "π", "≠", "£", "·", /* x - ~ */
-	};
+    static const char *vt100_0[62] = { /* 0x41 - 0x7e */
+        "↑", "↓", "→", "←", "█", "▚", "☃", /* A - G */
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* H - O */
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, /* P - W */
+        0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, " ", /* X - _ */
+        "◆", "▒", "␉", "␌", "␍", "␊", "°", "±", /* ` - g */
+        "␤", "␋", "┘", "┐", "┌", "└", "┼", "⎺", /* h - o */
+        "⎻", "─", "⎼", "⎽", "├", "┤", "┴", "┬", /* p - w */
+        "│", "≤", "≥", "π", "≠", "£", "·", /* x - ~ */
+    };
+
+    /*
+     * The table is proudly stolen from rxvt.
+     */
+    if (term.trantbl[term.charset] == CS_GRAPHIC0 &&
+            BETWEEN(u, 0x41, 0x7e) && vt100_0[u - 0x41])
+        utf8decode(vt100_0[u - 0x41], &u, UTF_SIZ);
+
+    if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WIDE) {
+        if (x+1 < term.col) {
+            term.line[y][x+1].u = ' ';
+            term.line[y][x+1].mode &= ~ATTR_WDUMMY;
+        }
+    } else if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
+        term.line[y][x-1].u = ' ';
+        term.line[y][x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
+    }
+
+    term.dirty[y] = 1;
+    term.line[y][x] = *attr;
+    term.line[y][x].u = u;
+    term.line[y][x].mode |= ATTR_SET;
+}
 
-	/*
-	 * The table is proudly stolen from rxvt.
-	 */
-	if (term.trantbl[term.charset] == CS_GRAPHIC0 &&
-	   BETWEEN(u, 0x41, 0x7e) && vt100_0[u - 0x41])
-		utf8decode(vt100_0[u - 0x41], &u, UTF_SIZ);
 
-	if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WIDE) {
-		if (x+1 < term.col) {
-			term.line[y][x+1].u = ' ';
-			term.line[y][x+1].mode &= ~ATTR_WDUMMY;
-		}
-	} else if (term.line[y][x].mode & ATTR_WDUMMY) {
-		term.line[y][x-1].u = ' ';
-		term.line[y][x-1].mode &= ~ATTR_WIDE;
-	}
 
-	term.dirty[y] = 1;
-	term.line[y][x] = *attr;
-	term.line[y][x].u = u;
+void
+tclearglyph(Glyph *gp, int usecurattr)
+{
+	if (usecurattr) {
+		gp->fg = term.c.attr.fg;
+		gp->bg = term.c.attr.bg;
+	} else {
+		gp->fg = defaultfg;
+		gp->bg = defaultbg;
+	}
+	gp->mode = ATTR_NULL;
+	gp->u = ' ';
 }
 
+
+
 void
-tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2)
+tclearregion(int x1, int y1, int x2, int y2, int usecurattr)
 {
-	int x, y, temp;
-	Glyph *gp;
-
-	if (x1 > x2)
-		temp = x1, x1 = x2, x2 = temp;
-	if (y1 > y2)
-		temp = y1, y1 = y2, y2 = temp;
-
-	LIMIT(x1, 0, term.col-1);
-	LIMIT(x2, 0, term.col-1);
-	LIMIT(y1, 0, term.row-1);
-	LIMIT(y2, 0, term.row-1);
+	int x, y;
+	/* regionselected() takes relative coordinates */
+	if (regionselected(x1+term.scr, y1+term.scr, x2+term.scr, y2+term.scr))
+		selremove();
 
-	for (y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
+    for (y = y1; y <= y2; y++) {
 		term.dirty[y] = 1;
-		for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++) {
-			gp = &term.line[y][x];
-			if (selected(x, y))
-				selclear();
-			gp->fg = term.c.attr.fg;
-			gp->bg = term.c.attr.bg;
-			gp->mode = 0;
-			gp->u = ' ';
-		}
+		for (x = x1; x <= x2; x++)
+			tclearglyph(&term.line[y][x], usecurattr);
 	}
 }
 
 void
 tdeletechar(int n)
 {
-	int dst, src, size;
-	Glyph *line;
+    int src, dst, size;
+    Line line;
 
-	LIMIT(n, 0, term.col - term.c.x);
+    if (n <= 0)
+        return;
 
-	dst = term.c.x;
-	src = term.c.x + n;
-	size = term.col - src;
-	line = term.line[term.c.y];
-
-	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
-	tclearregion(term.col-n, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+    dst = term.c.x;
+    src = MIN(term.c.x + n, term.col);
+    size = term.col - src;
+    if (size > 0) {
+        /*
+         * otherwise src would point beyond the array
+         * https://stackoverflow.com/questions/29844298
+         */
+        line = term.line[term.c.y];
+        memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
+    }
+    tclearregion(dst + size, term.c.y, term.col - 1, term.c.y, 1);
 }
 
 void
 tinsertblank(int n)
 {
-	int dst, src, size;
-	Glyph *line;
-
-	LIMIT(n, 0, term.col - term.c.x);
+    int src, dst, size;
+    Line line;
 
-	dst = term.c.x + n;
-	src = term.c.x;
-	size = term.col - dst;
-	line = term.line[term.c.y];
-
-	memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
-	tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y);
+    if (n <= 0)
+        return;
+    dst = MIN(term.c.x + n, term.col);
+    src = term.c.x;
+    size = term.col - dst;
+    if (size > 0) { /* otherwise dst would point beyond the array */
+        line = term.line[term.c.y];
+        memmove(&line[dst], &line[src], size * sizeof(Glyph));
+    }
+    tclearregion(src, term.c.y, dst - 1, term.c.y, 1);
 }
 
 void
@@ -1295,7 +1561,7 @@
 tdeleteline(int n)
 {
 	if (BETWEEN(term.c.y, term.top, term.bot))
-		tscrollup(term.c.y, n);
+		tscrollup(term.c.y, term.bot, n, SCROLL_NOSAVEHIST);
 }
 
 int32_t
@@ -1469,7 +1735,7 @@
 void
 tsetmode(int priv, int set, const int *args, int narg)
 {
-	int alt; const int *lim;
+	const int *lim;
 
 	for (lim = args + narg; args < lim; ++args) {
 		if (priv) {
@@ -1530,26 +1796,20 @@
 				xsetmode(set, MODE_8BIT);
 				break;
 			case 1049: /* swap screen & set/restore cursor as xterm */
-				if (!allowaltscreen)
-					break;
-				tcursor((set) ? CURSOR_SAVE : CURSOR_LOAD);
-				/* FALLTHROUGH */
 			case 47: /* swap screen */
-			case 1047:
+			case 1047: /*swap screen, clearing alternate screen */
 				if (!allowaltscreen)
 					break;
-				alt = IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN);
-				if (alt) {
-					tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1,
-							term.row-1);
-				}
-				if (set ^ alt) /* set is always 1 or 0 */
-					tswapscreen();
-				if (*args != 1049)
-					break;
+				if (set)
+					tloadaltscreen(*args == 1049, *args == 1049);
+				else
+					tloaddefscreen(*args == 1047, *args == 1049);
+				break;
 				/* FALLTHROUGH */
-			case 1048:
-				tcursor((set) ? CURSOR_SAVE : CURSOR_LOAD);
+            case 1048:
+                if (!allowaltscreen)
+                    break;
+                tcursor((set) ? CURSOR_SAVE : CURSOR_LOAD);
 				break;
 			case 2004: /* 2004: bracketed paste mode */
 				xsetmode(set, MODE_BRCKTPASTE);
@@ -1600,7 +1860,7 @@
 csihandle(void)
 {
 	char buf[40];
-	int len;
+	int n, x;
 
 	switch (csiescseq.mode[0]) {
 	default:
@@ -1698,19 +1958,30 @@
 	case 'J': /* ED -- Clear screen */
 		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
 		case 0: /* below */
-			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 1);
 			if (term.c.y < term.row-1) {
 				tclearregion(0, term.c.y+1, term.col-1,
-						term.row-1);
+						term.row-1, 1);
 			}
 			break;
 		case 1: /* above */
-			if (term.c.y > 0)
-				tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.c.y-1);
-			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+			if (term.c.y >= 0)
+				tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.c.y-1, 1);
+			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y, 1);
 			break;
 		case 2: /* all */
-			tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1);
+			if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN)) {
+				tclearregion(0, 0, term.col-1, term.row-1, 1);
+				break;
+			}
+			/* vte does this:
+			   tscrollup(0, term.row-1, term.row, SCROLL_SAVEHIST); */
+
+			/* alacritty does this: */
+			for (n = term.row-1; n >= 0 && tlinelen(term.line[n]) == 0; n--);
+			if (n >= 0)
+				tscrollup(0, term.row-1, n+1, SCROLL_SAVEHIST);
+			tscrollup(0, term.row-1, term.row-n-1, SCROLL_NOSAVEHIST);
 			break;
 		default:
 			goto unknown;
@@ -1719,21 +1990,21 @@
 	case 'K': /* EL -- Clear line */
 		switch (csiescseq.arg[0]) {
 		case 0: /* right */
-			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1,
-					term.c.y);
+			tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 1);
 			break;
 		case 1: /* left */
-			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y);
+			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.c.x, term.c.y, 1);
 			break;
 		case 2: /* all */
-			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y);
+			tclearregion(0, term.c.y, term.col-1, term.c.y, 1);
 			break;
 		}
 		break;
 	case 'S': /* SU -- Scroll <n> line up */
 		if (csiescseq.priv) break;
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
-		tscrollup(term.top, csiescseq.arg[0]);
+		/* xterm, urxvt, alacritty save this in history */
+		tscrollup(term.top, term.bot, csiescseq.arg[0], SCROLL_SAVEHIST);
 		break;
 	case 'T': /* SD -- Scroll <n> line down */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
@@ -1751,9 +2022,11 @@
 		tdeleteline(csiescseq.arg[0]);
 		break;
 	case 'X': /* ECH -- Erase <n> char */
+		if (csiescseq.arg[0] < 0)
+			return;
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
-		tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y,
-				term.c.x + csiescseq.arg[0] - 1, term.c.y);
+		x = MIN(term.c.x + csiescseq.arg[0], term.col) - 1;
+		tclearregion(term.c.x, term.c.y, x, term.c.y, 1);
 		break;
 	case 'P': /* DCH -- Delete <n> char */
 		DEFAULT(csiescseq.arg[0], 1);
@@ -1779,9 +2052,9 @@
 			ttywrite("\033[0n", sizeof("\033[0n") - 1, 0);
 			break;
 		case 6: /* Report Cursor Position (CPR) "<row>;<column>R" */
-			len = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[%i;%iR",
+			n = snprintf(buf, sizeof(buf), "\033[%i;%iR",
 			               term.c.y+1, term.c.x+1);
-			ttywrite(buf, len, 0);
+			ttywrite(buf, n, 0);
 			break;
 		default:
 			goto unknown;
@@ -1995,6 +2268,61 @@
 }
 
 void
+externalpipe(const Arg *arg)
+{
+	int to[2];
+	char buf[UTF_SIZ];
+	void (*oldsigpipe)(int);
+	Glyph *bp, *end;
+	int lastpos, n, newline;
+
+	if (pipe(to) == -1)
+		return;
+
+	switch (fork()) {
+	case -1:
+		close(to[0]);
+		close(to[1]);
+		return;
+	case 0:
+		dup2(to[0], STDIN_FILENO);
+		close(to[0]);
+		close(to[1]);
+		execvp(((char **)arg->v)[0], (char **)arg->v);
+		fprintf(stderr, "st: execvp %s\n", ((char **)arg->v)[0]);
+		perror("failed");
+		exit(0);
+	}
+
+	close(to[0]);
+	/* ignore sigpipe for now, in case child exists early */
+	oldsigpipe = signal(SIGPIPE, SIG_IGN);
+	newline = 0;
+	for (n = 0; n <= HISTSIZE + 2; n++) {
+		bp = TLINE_HIST(n);
+		lastpos = MIN(tlinehistlen(n) + 1, term.col) - 1;
+		if (lastpos < 0)
+			break;
+        if (lastpos == 0)
+            continue;
+		end = &bp[lastpos + 1];
+		for (; bp < end; ++bp)
+			if (xwrite(to[1], buf, utf8encode(bp->u, buf)) < 0)
+				break;
+		if ((newline = TLINE_HIST(n)[lastpos].mode & ATTR_WRAP))
+			continue;
+		if (xwrite(to[1], "\n", 1) < 0)
+			break;
+		newline = 0;
+	}
+	if (newline)
+		(void)xwrite(to[1], "\n", 1);
+	close(to[1]);
+	/* restore */
+	signal(SIGPIPE, oldsigpipe);
+}
+
+void
 strdump(void)
 {
 	size_t i;
@@ -2079,16 +2407,8 @@
 void
 tdumpline(int n)
 {
-	char buf[UTF_SIZ];
-	const Glyph *bp, *end;
-
-	bp = &term.line[n][0];
-	end = &bp[MIN(tlinelen(n), term.col) - 1];
-	if (bp != end || bp->u != ' ') {
-		for ( ; bp <= end; ++bp)
-			tprinter(buf, utf8encode(bp->u, buf));
-	}
-	tprinter("\n", 1);
+    char str[(term.col + 1) * UTF_SIZ];
+    tprinter(str, tgetline(str, &term.line[n][0]));
 }
 
 void
@@ -2309,7 +2629,7 @@
 		return 0;
 	case 'D': /* IND -- Linefeed */
 		if (term.c.y == term.bot) {
-			tscrollup(term.top, 1);
+			tscrollup(term.top, term.bot, 1, SCROLL_SAVEHIST);
 		} else {
 			tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y+1);
 		}
@@ -2466,7 +2786,9 @@
 		 */
 		return;
 	}
-	if (selected(term.c.x, term.c.y))
+
+    /* selected() takes relative coordinates */
+	if (selected(term.c.x + term.scr, term.c.y + term.scr))
 		selclear();
 
 	gp = &term.line[term.c.y][term.c.x];
@@ -2506,6 +2828,7 @@
 	if (term.c.x+width < term.col) {
 		tmoveto(term.c.x+width, term.c.y);
 	} else {
+		term.wrapcwidth[IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN)] = width;
 		term.c.state |= CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
 	}
 }
@@ -2543,85 +2866,284 @@
 }
 
 void
+rscrolldown(int n)
+{
+    int i;
+    Line temp;
+
+    /* can never be true as of now
+       if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+       return; */
+
+    if ((n = MIN(n, term.histf)) <= 0)
+        return;
+
+    for (i = term.c.y + n; i >= n; i--) {
+        temp = term.line[i];
+        term.line[i] = term.line[i-n];
+        term.line[i-n] = temp;
+    }
+    for (/*i = n - 1 */; i >= 0; i--) {
+        temp = term.line[i];
+        term.line[i] = term.hist[term.histi];
+        term.hist[term.histi] = temp;
+        term.histi = (term.histi - 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE;
+    }
+    term.c.y += n;
+    term.histf -= n;
+    if ((i = term.scr - n) >= 0) {
+        term.scr = i;
+    } else {
+        term.scr = 0;
+        if (sel.ob.x != -1 && !sel.alt)
+            selmove(-i);
+    }
+}
+
+
+
+void
 tresize(int col, int row)
 {
-	int i;
-	int minrow = MIN(row, term.row);
-	int mincol = MIN(col, term.col);
 	int *bp;
-	TCursor c;
 
+	/* col and row are always MAX(_, 1)
 	if (col < 1 || row < 1) {
-		fprintf(stderr,
-		        "tresize: error resizing to %dx%d\n", col, row);
+		fprintf(stderr, "tresize: error resizing to %dx%d\n", col, row);
 		return;
-	}
+	} */
 
-	/*
-	 * slide screen to keep cursor where we expect it -
-	 * tscrollup would work here, but we can optimize to
-	 * memmove because we're freeing the earlier lines
-	 */
-	for (i = 0; i <= term.c.y - row; i++) {
-		free(term.line[i]);
-		free(term.alt[i]);
-	}
-	/* ensure that both src and dst are not NULL */
-	if (i > 0) {
-		memmove(term.line, term.line + i, row * sizeof(Line));
-		memmove(term.alt, term.alt + i, row * sizeof(Line));
-	}
-	for (i += row; i < term.row; i++) {
-		free(term.line[i]);
-		free(term.alt[i]);
-	}
-
-	/* resize to new height */
-	term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
-	term.alt  = xrealloc(term.alt,  row * sizeof(Line));
 	term.dirty = xrealloc(term.dirty, row * sizeof(*term.dirty));
 	term.tabs = xrealloc(term.tabs, col * sizeof(*term.tabs));
+ 	if (col > term.col) {
+ 		bp = term.tabs + term.col;
+ 		memset(bp, 0, sizeof(*term.tabs) * (col - term.col));
+ 		while (--bp > term.tabs && !*bp)
+ 			/* nothing */ ;
+ 		for (bp += tabspaces; bp < term.tabs + col; bp += tabspaces)
+ 			*bp = 1;
+ 	}
+
+	if (IS_SET(MODE_ALTSCREEN))
+		tresizealt(col, row);
+	else
+		tresizedef(col, row);
+}
+
+
+void
+tresizedef(int col, int row)
+{
+	int i, j;
 
-	/* resize each row to new width, zero-pad if needed */
-	for (i = 0; i < minrow; i++) {
-		term.line[i] = xrealloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
-		term.alt[i]  = xrealloc(term.alt[i],  col * sizeof(Glyph));
-	}
-
-	/* allocate any new rows */
-	for (/* i = minrow */; i < row; i++) {
-		term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
-		term.alt[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
-	}
-	if (col > term.col) {
-		bp = term.tabs + term.col;
-
-		memset(bp, 0, sizeof(*term.tabs) * (col - term.col));
-		while (--bp > term.tabs && !*bp)
-			/* nothing */ ;
-		for (bp += tabspaces; bp < term.tabs + col; bp += tabspaces)
-			*bp = 1;
+	/* return if dimensions haven't changed */
+	if (term.col == col && term.row == row) {
+		tfulldirt();
+		return;
+	}
+	if (col != term.col) {
+		if (!sel.alt)
+			selremove();
+		treflow(col, row);
+	} else {
+		/* slide screen up if otherwise cursor would get out of the screen */
+		if (term.c.y >= row) {
+			tscrollup(0, term.row - 1, term.c.y - row + 1, SCROLL_RESIZE);
+			term.c.y = row - 1;
+ 		}
+		for (i = row; i < term.row; i++)
+			free(term.line[i]);
+
+		/* resize to new height */
+		term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
+		/* allocate any new rows */
+		for (i = term.row; i < row; i++) {
+			term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+			for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
+				tclearglyph(&term.line[i][j], 0);
+ 		}
+		/* scroll down as much as height has increased */
+		rscrolldown(row - term.row);
 	}
 	/* update terminal size */
-	term.col = col;
-	term.row = row;
+	term.col = col, term.row = row;
 	/* reset scrolling region */
-	tsetscroll(0, row-1);
-	/* make use of the LIMIT in tmoveto */
-	tmoveto(term.c.x, term.c.y);
-	/* Clearing both screens (it makes dirty all lines) */
-	c = term.c;
-	for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
-		if (mincol < col && 0 < minrow) {
-			tclearregion(mincol, 0, col - 1, minrow - 1);
-		}
-		if (0 < col && minrow < row) {
-			tclearregion(0, minrow, col - 1, row - 1);
-		}
-		tswapscreen();
-		tcursor(CURSOR_LOAD);
-	}
-	term.c = c;
+	term.top = 0, term.bot = row - 1;
+	/* dirty all lines */
+	tfulldirt();
+}
+
+
+
+void
+tresizealt(int col, int row)
+{
+    int i, j;
+
+    /* return if dimensions haven't changed */
+    if (term.col == col && term.row == row) {
+        tfulldirt();
+        return;
+    }
+    if (sel.alt)
+        selremove();
+    /* slide screen up if otherwise cursor would get out of the screen */
+    for (i = 0; i <= term.c.y - row; i++)
+        free(term.line[i]);
+    if (i > 0) {
+        /* ensure that both src and dst are not NULL */
+        memmove(term.line, term.line + i, row * sizeof(Line));
+        term.c.y = row - 1;
+    }
+    for (i += row; i < term.row; i++)
+        free(term.line[i]);
+    /* resize to new height */
+    term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
+    /* resize to new width */
+    for (i = 0; i < MIN(row, term.row); i++) {
+        term.line[i] = xrealloc(term.line[i], col * sizeof(Glyph));
+        for (j = term.col; j < col; j++)
+            tclearglyph(&term.line[i][j], 0);
+    }
+    /* allocate any new rows */
+    for (/*i = MIN(row, term.row) */; i < row; i++) {
+        term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
+            tclearglyph(&term.line[i][j], 0);
+    }
+    /* update cursor */
+    if (term.c.x >= col) {
+        term.c.state &= ~CURSOR_WRAPNEXT;
+        term.c.x = col - 1;
+    } else {
+        UPDATEWRAPNEXT(1, col);
+    }
+    /* update terminal size */
+    term.col = col, term.row = row;
+    /* reset scrolling region */
+    term.top = 0, term.bot = row - 1;
+    /* dirty all lines */
+    tfulldirt();
+ }
+
+
+
+
+
+void
+treflow(int col, int row)
+{
+    int i, j;
+    int oce, nce, bot, scr;
+    int ox = 0, oy = -term.histf, nx = 0, ny = -1, len;
+    int cy = -1; /* proxy for new y coordinate of cursor */
+    int nlines;
+    Line *buf, line;
+
+    /* y coordinate of cursor line end */
+    for (oce = term.c.y; oce < term.row - 1 &&
+            tiswrapped(term.line[oce]); oce++);
+
+    nlines = term.histf + oce + 1;
+    if (col < term.col) {
+        /* each line can take this many lines after reflow */
+        j = (term.col + col - 1) / col;
+        nlines = j * nlines;
+        if (nlines > HISTSIZE + RESIZEBUFFER + row) {
+            nlines = HISTSIZE + RESIZEBUFFER + row;
+            oy = -(nlines / j - oce - 1);
+        }
+    }
+    buf = xmalloc(nlines * sizeof(Line));
+    do {
+        if (!nx)
+            buf[++ny] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+        if (!ox) {
+            line = TLINEABS(oy);
+            len = tlinelen(line);
+        }
+        if (oy == term.c.y) {
+            if (!ox)
+                len = MAX(len, term.c.x + 1);
+            /* update cursor */
+            if (cy < 0 && term.c.x - ox < col - nx) {
+                term.c.x = nx + term.c.x - ox, cy = ny;
+                UPDATEWRAPNEXT(0, col);
+            }
+        }
+        /* get reflowed lines in buf */
+        if (col - nx > len - ox) {
+            memcpy(&buf[ny][nx], &line[ox], (len-ox) * sizeof(Glyph));
+            nx += len - ox;
+            if (len == 0 || !(line[len - 1].mode & ATTR_WRAP)) {
+                for (j = nx; j < col; j++)
+                    tclearglyph(&buf[ny][j], 0);
+                nx = 0;
+            } else if (nx > 0) {
+                buf[ny][nx - 1].mode &= ~ATTR_WRAP;
+            }
+            ox = 0, oy++;
+        } else if (col - nx == len - ox) {
+            memcpy(&buf[ny][nx], &line[ox], (col-nx) * sizeof(Glyph));
+            ox = 0, oy++, nx = 0;
+        } else/* if (col - nx < len - ox) */ {
+            memcpy(&buf[ny][nx], &line[ox], (col-nx) * sizeof(Glyph));
+            ox += col - nx;
+            buf[ny][col - 1].mode |= ATTR_WRAP;
+            nx = 0;
+        }
+    } while (oy <= oce);
+    if (nx)
+        for (j = nx; j < col; j++)
+            tclearglyph(&buf[ny][j], 0);
+
+    /* free extra lines */
+    for (i = row; i < term.row; i++)
+        free(term.line[i]);
+    /* resize to new height */
+    term.line = xrealloc(term.line, row * sizeof(Line));
+
+    bot = MIN(ny, row - 1);
+    scr = MAX(row - term.row, 0);
+    /* update y coordinate of cursor line end */
+    nce = MIN(oce + scr, bot);
+    /* update cursor y coordinate */
+    term.c.y = nce - (ny - cy);
+    if (term.c.y < 0) {
+        j = nce, nce = MIN(nce + -term.c.y, bot);
+        term.c.y += nce - j;
+        while (term.c.y < 0) {
+            free(buf[ny--]);
+            term.c.y++;
+        }
+    }
+    /* allocate new rows */
+    for (i = row - 1; i > nce; i--) {
+        term.line[i] = xmalloc(col * sizeof(Glyph));
+        for (j = 0; j < col; j++)
+            tclearglyph(&term.line[i][j], 0);
+    }
+    /* fill visible area */
+    for (/*i = nce */; i >= term.row; i--, ny--)
+        term.line[i] = buf[ny];
+    for (/*i = term.row - 1 */; i >= 0; i--, ny--) {
+        free(term.line[i]);
+        term.line[i] = buf[ny];
+    }
+    /* fill lines in history buffer and update term.histf */
+    for (/*i = -1 */; ny >= 0 && i >= -HISTSIZE; i--, ny--) {
+        j = (term.histi + i + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE;
+        free(term.hist[j]);
+        term.hist[j] = buf[ny];
+    }
+    term.histf = -i - 1;
+    term.scr = MIN(term.scr, term.histf);
+    /* resize rest of the history lines */
+    for (/*i = -term.histf - 1 */; i >= -HISTSIZE; i--) {
+        j = (term.histi + i + 1 + HISTSIZE) % HISTSIZE;
+        term.hist[j] = xrealloc(term.hist[j], col * sizeof(Glyph));
+    }
+    free(buf);
 }
 
 void
@@ -2640,7 +3162,7 @@
 			continue;
 
 		term.dirty[y] = 0;
-		xdrawline(term.line[y], x1, y, x2);
+		xdrawline(TLINE(y), x1, y, x2);
 	}
 }
 
diff '--color=auto' -Nu a/st.h b/st.h
--- a/st.h	2024-12-18 21:06:29.591000711 -0600
+++ b/st.h	2024-12-18 20:53:14.661004242 -0600
@@ -22,17 +22,19 @@
 
 enum glyph_attribute {
 	ATTR_NULL       = 0,
-	ATTR_BOLD       = 1 << 0,
-	ATTR_FAINT      = 1 << 1,
-	ATTR_ITALIC     = 1 << 2,
-	ATTR_UNDERLINE  = 1 << 3,
-	ATTR_BLINK      = 1 << 4,
-	ATTR_REVERSE    = 1 << 5,
-	ATTR_INVISIBLE  = 1 << 6,
-	ATTR_STRUCK     = 1 << 7,
-	ATTR_WRAP       = 1 << 8,
-	ATTR_WIDE       = 1 << 9,
-	ATTR_WDUMMY     = 1 << 10,
+	ATTR_SET        = 1 << 0,
+	ATTR_BOLD       = 1 << 1,
+	ATTR_FAINT      = 1 << 2,
+	ATTR_ITALIC     = 1 << 3,
+	ATTR_UNDERLINE  = 1 << 4,
+	ATTR_BLINK      = 1 << 5,
+	ATTR_REVERSE    = 1 << 6,
+	ATTR_INVISIBLE  = 1 << 7,
+	ATTR_STRUCK     = 1 << 8,
+	ATTR_WRAP       = 1 << 9,
+	ATTR_WIDE       = 1 << 10,
+	ATTR_WDUMMY     = 1 << 11,
+	ATTR_SELECTED   = 1 << 12,
 	ATTR_BOLD_FAINT = ATTR_BOLD | ATTR_FAINT,
 };
 
@@ -81,6 +83,9 @@
 void redraw(void);
 void draw(void);
 
+void kscrolldown(const Arg *);
+void kscrollup(const Arg *);
+void externalpipe(const Arg *);
 void printscreen(const Arg *);
 void printsel(const Arg *);
 void sendbreak(const Arg *);
@@ -88,6 +93,7 @@
 
 int tattrset(int);
 void tnew(int, int);
+int tisaltscreen(void);
 void tresize(int, int);
 void tsetdirtattr(int);
 void ttyhangup(void);
diff '--color=auto' -Nu a/x.c b/x.c
--- a/x.c	2024-12-18 21:06:29.591000711 -0600
+++ b/x.c	2024-12-18 20:53:14.661004242 -0600
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@
 typedef struct {
 	int tw, th; /* tty width and height */
 	int w, h; /* window width and height */
+	int hborderpx, vborderpx;
 	int ch; /* char height */
 	int cw; /* char width  */
 	int mode; /* window state/mode flags */
@@ -331,7 +332,7 @@
 int
 evcol(XEvent *e)
 {
-	int x = e->xbutton.x - borderpx;
+	int x = e->xbutton.x - win.hborderpx;
 	LIMIT(x, 0, win.tw - 1);
 	return x / win.cw;
 }
@@ -339,7 +340,7 @@
 int
 evrow(XEvent *e)
 {
-	int y = e->xbutton.y - borderpx;
+	int y = e->xbutton.y - win.vborderpx;
 	LIMIT(y, 0, win.th - 1);
 	return y / win.ch;
 }
@@ -739,6 +740,9 @@
 	col = MAX(1, col);
 	row = MAX(1, row);
 
+	win.hborderpx = (win.w - col * win.cw) / 2;
+	win.vborderpx = (win.h - row * win.ch) / 2;
+
 	tresize(col, row);
 	xresize(col, row);
 	ttyresize(win.tw, win.th);
@@ -869,8 +873,8 @@
 	sizeh->flags = PSize | PResizeInc | PBaseSize | PMinSize;
 	sizeh->height = win.h;
 	sizeh->width = win.w;
-	sizeh->height_inc = win.ch;
-	sizeh->width_inc = win.cw;
+	sizeh->height_inc = 1;
+	sizeh->width_inc = 1;
 	sizeh->base_height = 2 * borderpx;
 	sizeh->base_width = 2 * borderpx;
 	sizeh->min_height = win.ch + 2 * borderpx;
@@ -1152,8 +1156,8 @@
 	xloadcols();
 
 	/* adjust fixed window geometry */
-	win.w = 2 * borderpx + cols * win.cw;
-	win.h = 2 * borderpx + rows * win.ch;
+	win.w = 2 * win.hborderpx + 2 * borderpx + cols * win.cw;
+	win.h = 2 * win.vborderpx + 2 * borderpx + rows * win.ch;
 	if (xw.gm & XNegative)
 		xw.l += DisplayWidth(xw.dpy, xw.scr) - win.w - 2;
 	if (xw.gm & YNegative)
@@ -1245,7 +1249,7 @@
 int
 xmakeglyphfontspecs(XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, const Glyph *glyphs, int len, int x, int y)
 {
-	float winx = borderpx + x * win.cw, winy = borderpx + y * win.ch, xp, yp;
+	float winx = win.hborderpx + x * win.cw, winy = win.vborderpx + y * win.ch, xp, yp;
 	ushort mode, prevmode = USHRT_MAX;
 	Font *font = &dc.font;
 	int frcflags = FRC_NORMAL;
@@ -1378,7 +1382,7 @@
 xdrawglyphfontspecs(const XftGlyphFontSpec *specs, Glyph base, int len, int x, int y)
 {
 	int charlen = len * ((base.mode & ATTR_WIDE) ? 2 : 1);
-	int winx = borderpx + x * win.cw, winy = borderpx + y * win.ch,
+	int winx = win.hborderpx + x * win.cw, winy = win.vborderpx + y * win.ch,
 	    width = charlen * win.cw;
 	Color *fg, *bg, *temp, revfg, revbg, truefg, truebg;
 	XRenderColor colfg, colbg;
@@ -1468,17 +1472,17 @@
 
 	/* Intelligent cleaning up of the borders. */
 	if (x == 0) {
-		xclear(0, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, borderpx,
+		xclear(0, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, win.hborderpx,
 			winy + win.ch +
-			((winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th)? win.h : 0));
+			((winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)? win.h : 0));
 	}
-	if (winx + width >= borderpx + win.tw) {
+	if (winx + width >= win.hborderpx + win.tw) {
 		xclear(winx + width, (y == 0)? 0 : winy, win.w,
-			((winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th)? win.h : (winy + win.ch)));
+			((winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)? win.h : (winy + win.ch)));
 	}
 	if (y == 0)
-		xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, borderpx);
-	if (winy + win.ch >= borderpx + win.th)
+		xclear(winx, 0, winx + width, win.vborderpx);
+	if (winy + win.ch >= win.vborderpx + win.th)
 		xclear(winx, winy + win.ch, winx + width, win.h);
 
 	/* Clean up the region we want to draw to. */
@@ -1572,35 +1576,35 @@
 		case 3: /* Blinking Underline */
 		case 4: /* Steady Underline */
 			XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
-					borderpx + cx * win.cw,
-					borderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - \
+					win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
+					win.vborderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - \
 						cursorthickness,
 					win.cw, cursorthickness);
 			break;
 		case 5: /* Blinking bar */
 		case 6: /* Steady bar */
 			XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
-					borderpx + cx * win.cw,
-					borderpx + cy * win.ch,
+					win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
+					win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
 					cursorthickness, win.ch);
 			break;
 		}
 	} else {
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
-				borderpx + cx * win.cw,
-				borderpx + cy * win.ch,
+				win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
+				win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
 				win.cw - 1, 1);
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
-				borderpx + cx * win.cw,
-				borderpx + cy * win.ch,
+				win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
+				win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
 				1, win.ch - 1);
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
-				borderpx + (cx + 1) * win.cw - 1,
-				borderpx + cy * win.ch,
+				win.hborderpx + (cx + 1) * win.cw - 1,
+				win.vborderpx + cy * win.ch,
 				1, win.ch - 1);
 		XftDrawRect(xw.draw, &drawcol,
-				borderpx + cx * win.cw,
-				borderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - 1,
+				win.hborderpx + cx * win.cw,
+				win.vborderpx + (cy + 1) * win.ch - 1,
 				win.cw, 1);
 	}
 }